History: Pioneers of Semiconductor Non-Volatile Memory

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Pioneers of Semiconductor Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)
The first four decades
NVM devices are R/W, electronic data-storage elements that continue to hold information after power is removed from the device. They include magnetic disk-drive units and certain semiconductor chips. Semiconductor NVM devices play important roles in every aspect of the digital universe, from storage cells in vast databanks in the cloud to personal portable devices, and comprise one of the largest segments of the $400-billion semiconductor industry today.